The Deals

Playbooks
& Deals

The takeovers that rewrote the rules, broken down deal by deal, and the primers that explain the machinery behind them.

M&A 1988 8 min read

The Night They Carved Up RJR Nabisco

A $25 billion wager that would end careers, forge fortunes, and change Wall Street forever, the inside story of the largest leveraged buyout in history.

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Education Primer 5 min read

What Is a Leveraged Buyout?

The nuclear weapon of 1980s finance, explained in plain English. Before you can understand the deals, you need to understand the weapon.

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M&A 1986 6 min read

KKR and the Beatrice Buyout

The $6.2 billion deal that proved the leveraged buyout could scale into the billions, and set the stage, two years later, for RJR.

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Hostile Takeovers 1985 6 min read

Ron Perelman Takes Revlon

A beauty company, a leveraged outsider, and a Delaware court ruling that changed the rules of every hostile takeover that followed.

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Hostile Takeovers 1984 6 min read

T. Boone Pickens vs Gulf Oil

The raid that proved no oil major was safe, and that you could lose the company, win the trade, and reshape an entire industry in the process.

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Junk Bonds 1985–1989 6 min read

The Predators' Ball

Every spring, the most feared men in American finance flew to Beverly Hills to trade favors and financing with Michael Milken. It looked like a conference. It was a marketplace.

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Education Primer 5 min read

Poison Pills, Explained

The corporate defense that made hostile takeovers ten times harder, how the shareholder rights plan works, and why it changed the balance of power in the boardroom.

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Education Playbook 13 min read

The Rollup Playbook: How Private Equity Builds Empires by Buying Small

A rollup buys dozens of small companies in the same industry, merges them, and sells the combined business at a much higher multiple. The arithmetic is one of the most reliable ways to build serious wealth in modern private equity.

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Education Playbook 12 min read

The Search Fund Model: How a $400,000 Bet Can Become a $50 Million Exit

A search fund is the most accessible path in finance to running and owning a real company. The model takes about $400,000 of search capital, two years of work, and produces returns that the Stanford GSB has tracked at roughly 35 percent IRR over four decades.

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Education Playbook 9 min read

Multiple Arbitrage Explained: Why Private Equity Pays More Than the Math Suggests

A small company doing $1 million in EBITDA sells for four times earnings. A mid-sized company doing $20 million in EBITDA sells for nine times. The spread is structural, durable, and the single most important reason private equity returns work.

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Education Playbook 10 min read

How to Spot an LBO Target: A Practical Checklist

Private equity buys roughly 8,000 American companies a year. The ones that produce the best returns share a small list of features any investor can screen for. Here is the checklist that has worked for forty years.

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Education Primer 7 min read

Net Working Capital in M&A

The single most contested adjustment in any acquisition agreement. Net working capital is where buyers claw back the last 1 to 3 percent of purchase price after closing. Every analyst should understand it before the model is built.

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Education Primer 9 min read

The M&A Deal Lifecycle

From the first banker pitch to the post-closing integration. The eight stages of every modern M&A transaction, what each one is actually for, and where the value is won or lost.

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